The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching II. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Colloid Polym. The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. Format), Citation-(BibTeX Ann Surg Oncol. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). Chem. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). National Library of Medicine Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Chem. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. dextran Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. By using this website, you agree to our Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Indo AM J Pharm. The M-H equation is empirical and valid for monodisperse polymers, and it is applied to biomacromolecules (complex, hyperbranched, crosslink), taking the precaution of comparing the value of Mv with the polydispersity index (qM-H). Figure1 shows a schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. Anal. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). There is a deviation from linearity after 580kDa [69, 70]. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Drug Deliv. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. GYA primarily conducted research. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. Radius (2008). 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. ; Yevlampieva N.P. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. Hydrodynamic radii were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in a Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS DLS (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at high scattering angle (173) to minimise the effects of dust and supramolecular contamination (NIBS, 173). Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579. Alternatively, the value of qM-H can be calculated using numerical methods and other-average molecular weights (Mn, Mw, Mz) according to where c and d are empirical polynomial functions of the exponent a. Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. ; Patel, T.R. This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. Pure Appl. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. Kim J, Jang JH, Lee JH, Choi JK, Park WR, Bae IH, Bae J, Park JW. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Sci. The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters universalized for the range of working temperatures are the following: 0.4267 for a*, and 0.1455 cm3/g for k*M-H, with 2 of 0.9399. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. Fluorescent dextran FITC-dextran solution (600L) was added to the donor chamber. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. A novel high dextran yielding Weissella cibaria JAG8 for cereal food application. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects. (1999). Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. (2001). Trop J Pharm Res. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. Proc of SPIE. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Cite this article. WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter ( dh ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. Gekko, K. (1971). Harding, Stephen E. (1997). Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. Bose, A.; Rollings, J. E.; Caruthers, J. M.; Okos, M. R.; Tsao, T. G. (1982). dextran hydrodynamic radius (1987). Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. pp13-21. Materiaux 1-5. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. Chem. 2008;26(11):12618. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. (2007). The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. Molecular weight (M v) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. In addition, microporated pig skin permeated larger amounts of FITC-dextran than human skin, this can be attributed to the differences in structure between the human and pig skin; the pig skin layer is thinner (SC, 813m) than the human skin (SC, 1017m) and the pig hair follicle is longer (3871m) than the human hair follicle (18m). For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). 8. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. statement and All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. Drug Deliv Syst. The Mark-Houwink. (1999). GPC Symp. WebDextran displays excellent biocompatibility and have been used clinically for over 50 years. Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). SWC designed and coordinated the research. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. De Belder, A.N. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). (2008). 2019;9(3-S):9726. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of. Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). (1999). FOIA In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. ; van Nostrum, C.F. (2003). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. It is well tolerated on parenteral infusion by most people but a very low incidence In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. Article Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. Dextran. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Springer Editions. 2012;87(6):1728. DOI: 10.12691/jpbpc-1-1-3, Received September 18, 2013; Revised October 23, 2013; Accepted November 22, 2013. Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and Experimental and numerical study on the mixed lubrication Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. However, in vitro investigations are very few. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". (1954). Figure2 shows TEWL values measured before and immediately following the treatment of human cadaver skin with the microporation device. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. Viscotek GmbH, Europe. This is because the macromolecule hydrodynamic radius changes the solution type and temperature via change in their chain exibility. (2003). WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Rheology of dextran solutions. Recent Pat. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. Charge: Anionic. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc.
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