The state has no business in the bedrooms of the nation. [61], Trudeau's Cabinet fulfilled Part IV of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism's report by announcing a "Multiculturalism Policy" on October 8, 1971. Pierre Trudeau, who has died aged 80, was, but for a break of 10 months, Prime Minister of Canada from 1968 until 1984, and had claim to be the greatest Canadian prime minister of the 20th century. The breadth of the legislation, which touched on many powers traditionally considered the purview of the provinces, prompted a Supreme Court reference that only upheld the legislation as an emergency requiring Federal intervention under the British North America Act. Trudeau and Margaret separated in 1977, and were divorced in 1984. Trudeau was the co-founder and editor of Cit Libre, a dissident journal that helped provide the intellectual basis for the Quiet Revolution. [133], In May 1974, the House of Commons passed a motion of no confidence in the Trudeau government, defeating its budget bill after Trudeau intentionally antagonized Stanfield and Lewis. Liberal and NDP votes and Social Credit abstentions led to the subamendment passing 139133, thereby toppling Clark's government and triggering a new election for a House less than a year old. [196] "He haunts us still", biographers Christina McCall and Stephen Clarkson wrote in 1990. He is from Canada. [41] Although he was wealthy, Trudeau travelled with a back pack in "self-imposed hardship". Trudeau attended the prestigious Collge Jean-de-Brbeuf (a private French Jesuit school), where he supported Quebec nationalism. His father was a French-Canadian businessman, His . [47] In economic theory he was influenced by professors Joseph Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith while he was at Harvard. He also worked to reform governmental caucus meetings to make them more efficient. The late 1970s saw a more sympathetic American attitude toward Canadian political and economic needs, the pardoning of draft evaders who had moved to Canada, and the passing of old sore points such as Watergate and the Vietnam War. Yes. [149][150], This first budget, was one of a series of unpopular budgets delivered in response to the oil shock of 1979 and the ensuing severe global economic recession which began at the start of 1980. He divorced his wife Margaret that same year and was granted custody of their three sons, Justin, Alexandre and Michel. To many westerners, Trudeau's policies seemed to favour other parts of the country, especially Ontario and Qubec, at their expense. Trudeau's legacy in Quebec is mixed. It wouldn't stop me from concentrating on my studies so long as that was possible[I]f you were a French Canadian in Montreal [at that time], you did not automatically believe that this was a just war. [22] Trudeau continued his full-time studies in law at the Universit de Montral while in the COTC from 1940 until his graduation in 1943. She is the mother of Justin Trudeau; the 23rd and current prime minister of Canada, the journalist and author Alexandre . [120] After the statement was issued, China and Canada established diplomatic relations on the same day. [94] As a diplomat, the devout Catholic Cadieux had served on the International Control Commission in 195455, where his experiences of witnessing the exodus of 2 million Vietnamese Catholics from North Vietnam to South Vietnam made him into a very firm anti-Communist. [76], As the PQ began to take power, Trudeau faced the prolonged failure of his marriage, which was covered in lurid detail on a day-by-day basis by the English language press. [131] In fact, Trudeau did press Castro in private to pull his troops out of Angola, only for Castro to insist that Cuba would pull its forces out of Angola only when South Africa likewise pulled its forces out of not only Angola, but also Southwest Africa (modern Namibia) as well. Losing his post in 1979, Trudeau served as the opposition leader for several months. Weight (Approx.) His family's wealth dates back to his grandfather, Charles-mile Trudeau, who owned gas stations in Montreal in the early 20th century, as well as real estate, part of an amusement park, and a . Trudeau's father Pierre Trudeau was Clark's successor as PM and held office between 1968 and 1979 and again from 1980 to 1984 - the third longest serving PM in Canadian history. Trudeau and his advisors, to contrast with the mild-mannered Clark, based their campaign on Trudeau's decisive personality and his grasp of the Constitution file, despite the general public's apparent wariness of both. On September 4, 1973, Trudeau requested Western Canadian provinces to agree to a voluntary freeze on oil prices during the ongoing Arab oil embargo. [32] At Harvard, an American and predominantly Protestant university, Trudeau who was French Catholic and was for the first time living outside the province of Quebec, felt like an outsider. Trudeau frequently displayed the logic and love of argument consistent with that tradition. Many of his policies evolved from the revolutionary ideas of the 1960s. His tenure of 15 years and 164 days makes him Canada's third-longest-serving prime minister, behind John A. Macdonald and William Lyon Mackenzie King. In 2001, the CBC produced a full-length documentary entitled Reflections.[146]. [65] By 1980, Canada had accepted about 44,000 of the "boat people", making it one of the top destinations for them. [95] In March 1969, Trudeau visited Washington to meet President Richard Nixon, where the meeting went very civilly, through Nixon came to intensely dislike Trudeau over time, referring to him in 1971 as "that asshole Trudeau" [96] Nixon made it clear to Trudeau that a Canada that remained in NATO would be taken more seriously in Washington than a Canada that left NATO. [110] Schmidt was sympathetic towards Trudeau's "rebalancing" concept, telling Trudeau that he wanted West Germany to have two North American partners instead of one, and promised at a 1975 meeting to use West German influence within the EEC to grant Canada better trade terms in exchange for Canada spending more on its NATO commitments. [51] Estimates have placed Alberta's losses between $50billion and $100billion because of the NEP. "[65], In November 1978, the Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin visited Canada and during a speech on 12 November 1978 to a Jewish group in Toronto called upon Canadian Jews to lobby to have Canada move its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, saying that Jerusalem was the true capital of Israel, and that Jews should vote in the 1979 election for the candidates who wanted the Canadian embassy in Jerusalem. In 2015, his oldest son Justin followed in his political footsteps. [139], After a series of defeats in by-elections in 1978, Trudeau waited as long as he could to call a statutory general election in 1979. [67][68], On July 14, 1976, after long and emotional debate, Bill C-84 was passed by the House of Commons by a vote of 130 to 124, abolishing the death penalty completely and instituting a life sentence without parole for 25 years for first-degree murder. Trudeau's remarks in Havana were widely seen in the West as not only expressing approval of Cuba's Communist government, but also the Cuban intervention in Angola. [87] In September 1975 the popular finance minister, John Turner, resigned over a perceived lack of support in countervailing measures. Peoples may agree to share a single state while retaining substantial degrees of self-government over matters essential to their identity as peoples". The crisis began when Quebec separatist group kidnapped a Quebec official and a British trade commissioner. As minister, Trudeau embraced social liberalism; his two most notable achievements were decriminalizing homosexual acts and legalizing abortion. To deal with this situation, Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act, giving the government overarching power to arrest without trial. The death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau took place in September 2000.Pierre Trudeau was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from 1968 to 1984, with a brief interruption in 1979-1980.Trudeau died on September 28, 2000. In November 2015, Trudeau became Prime Minister at age 43, to become the second-youngest individual to hold the government position. Trudeau: Profession: Politician: Died: Sep 28, 2000 ( age 80) Birthday & Zodiac: Birth Sign: Libra: Birth Date: October 18, 1919: Birthday: October 18 . The foundation said the 2014 total was a single gift from the Switzerland-based . Many credit his actions during the October Crisis as crucial in terminating the Front de libration du Qubec (FLQ) as a force in Quebec, and ensuring that the campaign for Quebec separatism took a democratic and peaceful route. [16][17], In his seventh and final academic year, 19391940, Trudeau focused on winning a Rhodes Scholarship. The Premier of oil-rich Alberta, Peter Lougheed, called the decision "the most discriminatory action taken by a federal government against a particular province in the entire history of Confederation." Court challenges based on the Charter have been used to advance the cause of women's equality, establish French school boards in provinces with majority anglophone populations, and provide constitutional protection to English school boards in Quebec. In 1991, Trudeau became a father again, with Deborah Margaret Ryland Coyne, to his only daughter, Sarah. [50], Upon arrival in Ottawa, Trudeau was appointed as Prime Minister Lester Pearson's parliamentary secretary, and spent much of the next year travelling abroad, representing Canada at international meetings and bodies, including the United Nations. [107] Britain's decision in 1973 to join the European Economic Community (EEC) as the European Union was then known, confirmed Trudeau's view that the United Kingdom was a declining power that had little to offer Canada while the way that Japan had replaced Britain as Canada's second-largest trading partner was taken as further confirmation of these views. From 1951 to 1961, he practiced law, specializing in labor and civil liberty cases, issues he would later bring into focus for all of Canada. )", "Pierre Trudeau's White Paper and the Struggle for Aboriginal Rights in Canada", "Montreal Olympics: The Taiwan controversy", "How the NDP saved Pierre Trudeau's government", "Energy, Fiscal Balances and National Sharing", "Recent Trends in Unemployment and the Labor Force: 10 Countries", "Black Gold The End of Bretton Woods and the Oil-Price Shocks of the 1970s", "The Dauphin and the Doomed: John Turner and the Liberal Party's Debacle", "Trudeaumania fades at Pierre Trudeau's tomb", "Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada Former Prime Ministers and Their Grave Sites The Right Honourable Pierre Elliott Trudeau", "Barbra Visits Commons, Members Play to Gallery", "Archive: The man who kept Trudeau's biggest secret", "Crowds flock to greet Pierre Trudeau at hakea", "Trudeaumania: Participatory Democracy in the Mass-Mediated Nation", "Dating Superman's girl Trudeau's major impact", "Trudeau steals the spotlight at Montreal film premiere", "Pierre Trudeau's daughter, Sarah, lives under the radar", CTV News: Mulroney says Trudeau to blame for Meech failure; September 5, 2007, "The Prime Ministers of Canada: Pierre Elliot Trudeau", "Competing Constitutional Paradigms: Trudeau versus the Premiers, 19681982", "Ranking Canada's best and worst prime ministers", Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Quebec and the Constitution, "Conferment of Honorary Degree of Doctor", "List of McGill Honorary Degree Recipients from 1935 to Fall 2016", "The Title and Degree of Doctor of Laws (honoris causa) Conferred at Congregation, May 30, 1986". [117], Trudeau established Canadian diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China before the United States did in 1979, and went on an official visit to Beijing. He defeated several prominent and long-serving Liberals, including Paul Martin Sr., Robert Winters and Paul Hellyer.[55]. His passing prompted. [189][unreliable source? The first of these was the Jesuits who provided his education up to the college level. In the documentary mini-series The Champions directed by Donald Brittain, Trudeau was the co-subject along with Ren Lvesque. [187], Trudeau was a strong advocate for a federalist model of government in Canada, developing and promoting his ideas in response and contrast to strengthening Quebec nationalist movements, for instance the social and political atmosphere created during Maurice Duplessis' time in power. [118] Unknown to Trudeau, the Chinese diplomatic corps had been so thoroughly purged during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution that the Chinese Foreign Ministry barely functioned by early 1969. The objection of the Quebec government to the new constitutional provisions became a source of continued acrimony between the federal and Quebec governments, and would forever stain Trudeau's reputation amongst nationalists in the province. He was frequently known to use the term "walk in the snow" as a trope; he claimed to have taken a similar walk in December 1979 before deciding to take the Liberals into the 1980 election.[161]. [169] His son Justin delivered the eulogy during the state funeral which led to widespread speculation in the media that a career in politics was in his future. Michel Trudeau was killed in an avalanche in 1998, and Pierre Trudeau died of prostate cancer in 2000. Within 20 days of winning leadership of his party, Trudeau was sworn in as Canadas 15th prime minister. His progressive values and his close ties with Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) intellectuals (including F. R. Scott, Eugene Forsey, Michael Kelway Oliver and Charles Taylor) led to his support of and membership in that federal democratic socialist party throughout the 1950s. At the federal level, Trudeau faced almost no strong political opposition in Quebec during his time as Prime Minister. According to Higgins, Trudeau was convinced of the centrality of meditation in a life fully lived. [106] Ortoli refused Trudeau's request for a free trade agreement with the EEC, saying that was out of the question, but did agree to open talks on lowering tariffs between Canada and the EEC. [113] Schmidt's support was especially welcome as Wilson, once again back as the British prime minister, proved unwilling to lobby for the EEC lowering tariffs on Canadian goods, merely saying that he was willing "to interpret Canadian policy" to the other EEC leaders. [182][183], When his divorce was finalized in 1984, Trudeau became the first Canadian Prime Minister to become a single parent as the result of divorce. The tax was equivalent to the difference between domestic and international oil prices, and the revenues were used to subsidize oil imports for Eastern refiners. From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, Trudeau's personality dominated the political scene to an extent never before seen in Canadian political life. [100] Ultimately, the fact the United States would be more favourably disposed to a Canada in NATO and the need to maintain cabinet unity led Trudeau to decide, despite his own inclinations, to stay in NATO. [60] More controversial than the declaration (which was backed by the NDP and, with some opposition in caucus, the PCs) was the implementation of the Act's principles: between 1966 and 1976, the francophone proportion of the civil service and military doubled, causing alarm in some sections of anglophone Canada that they were being disadvantaged. Trudeau immediately initiated federal involvement in the referendum, reversing the Clark government's policy of leaving the issue to the Quebec Liberals and Claude Ryan. In Montreal, where Trudeau made his home after retiring as Prime . [167][168] His body lay in state in the Hall of Honour in Parliament Hill's Centre Block to allow Canadians to pay their last respects. [35] He studied at the Institut d'tudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). In no small part, it defined him. [147], In their first budget, delivered in October 1980 by Trudeau's long-time loyalist, Finance Minister Allan MacEachen, the National Energy Program was introduced. For other uses, see, Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, Minister of justice and attorney general (19671968), Christo Aivalis, "In the Name of Liberalism: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left, 19491959,", sfn error: no target: CITEREFBothwellGranatstein1991 (, Lily Gardner Feldman, "Canada and the United States in the 1970s: Rift and Reconciliation.". [127], In contrast to South Africa, Trudeau was more forceful on the white supremacist government of Rhodesia (modern Zimbabwe), saying during a visit to Jamaica about the question of accepting white refugees from Rhodesia: "I'm certainly not panting to have this immigration movement take placeIf they're liberals, white liberals, they should stay and have nothing to fear after Rhodesian independence. The Paper proposed the general assimilation of First Nations into the Canadian body politic through the elimination of the Indian Act and Indian status, the parcelling of reserve land to private owners, and the elimination of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. The Constitution Act, 1982, including the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, was proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II, as Queen of Canada, on April 17, 1982. The Charter represented the final step in Trudeau's liberal vision of a fully independent Canada based on fundamental human rights and the protection of individual freedoms as well as those of linguistic and cultural minorities. His election campaign benefited from an unprecedented wave of personal popularity called "Trudeaumania",[1][56][57] which saw Trudeau mobbed by throngs of youths. His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current prime minister, following the 2015 Canadian federal election; Justin Trudeau is the first prime minister of Canada to be a descendant of a former prime minister. He would hold this seat until his retirement from politics in 1984, winning each election with large majorities. His family was quite wealthy by the time he was a teenager, as his father, a businessman and lawyer, had sold his gas station business to Imperial Oil some years prior. By the late 1950s Trudeau began to reject social democratic and labour parties, arguing that they should put their narrow goals aside and join forces with Liberals to fight for democracy first. The first, Trudeau (2002, with Colm Feore in the title role), depicts his years as Prime Minister. Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons. Pierre Trudeau net worth is $100,000 Pierre Trudeau Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Pierre Trudeau was born on October 18, 1919 in Montral, Qubec, Canada as Joseph Phillipe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau. His election as prime minister benefited from an unprecedented wave of youth involvement. Beyond his hip image, Trudeau had to lead his country through numerous challenges. Trudeaumania, as it was called, was the nickname given to the excitement brought on by throngs of teenagers who supported Trudeau. Trudeau's life was also depicted in two CBC Television mini-series. Trudeau's paternal grandparents were French-speaking Quebec farmers. Trudeau's main national opponents were PC leader Robert Stanfield and NDP leader Tommy Douglas, both popular figures who had been Premiers, respectively, of Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan (albeit in Trudeau's native Quebec, the main competition to the Liberals was from the Ralliement crditiste, led by Ral Caouette).